¿What is SOA?

¿What is a web service?

¿What is WS-Security?

¿What is a digital signature?

¿What is an IP address?

¿What is the SOAP message?

¿What is a UsernameToken?

¿What is Timestamp?

¿What is a virtual appliance?
 

   ¿What is SOA?

 

 

Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a flexible set of design principles used during the phases of systems development and integration in computing. A system based on a SOA will package functionality as a suite of interoperable services that can be used within multiple, separate systems from several business domains.

SOA also generally provides a way for consumers of services, such as web-based applications, to be aware of available SOA-based services. For example, several disparate departments within a company may develop and deploy SOA services in different implementation languages; their respective clients will benefit from a well understood, well defined interface to access them. XML is commonly used for interfacing with SOA services, though this is not required.

SOA defines how to integrate widely disparate applications for a Web-based environment and uses multiple implementation platforms. Rather than defining an API, SOA defines the interface in terms of protocols and functionality. An endpoint is the entry point for such a SOA implementation.

Service-orientation requires loose coupling of services with operating systems, and other technologies that underlie applications. SOA separates functions into distinct units, or services,which developers make accessible over a network in order to allow users to combine and reuse them in the production of applications. These services and their corresponding consumers communicate with each other by passing data in a well-defined, shared format, or by coordinating an activity between two or more services.

SOA can be seen in a continuum, from older concepts of distributed computing and modular programming, through SOA, and on to current practices of mashups, SaaS, and Cloud Computing.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service-oriented_architecture
 

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¿What is a
a web service?

 

A Web service is a method of communication between two electronic devices over a network.

The W3C defines a "Web service" as "a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network. It has an interface described in a machine-processable format (specifically Web Services Description Language WSDL). Other systems interact with the Web service in a manner prescribed by its description using SOAP messages, typically conveyed using HTTP with an XML serialization in conjunction with other Web-related standards."

The W3C also states, "We can identify two major classes of Web services, REST-compliant Web services, in which the primary purpose of the service is to manipulate XML representations of Web resources using a uniform set of "stateless" operations; and arbitrary Web services, in which the service may expose an arbitrary set of operations."

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_service

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    ¿
What is WS-Security?

 

WS-Security (Seguridad en Servicios Web) es un protocolo de comunicaciones que suministra un medio para aplicar seguridad a los Servicios Web. En abril de 2004 el estándar WS-Security 1.0 fue publicado por Oasis-Open. En 2006 fue publicada la versión 1.1.

Protocolo contiene especificaciones sobre cómo debe garantizarse la integridad y seguridad en mensajería de Servicios Web. WS-Security incorpora características de seguridad en el encabezado de un mensaje SOAP, trabajando en la capa aplicación. Así asegura seguridad extremo a extremo.

WS-Security proporciona un conjunto amplio de dispositivos de seguridad para aplicaciones de servicios Web, al basarse en estándares establecidos de la industria respecto a criptografía y cifrado y firmado de XML. Puede especificar los dispositivos a utilizar en una aplicación específica con WS-Policy y WS-SecurityPolicy, lo que permite que los clientes del servicio se configuren automáticamente para acceder al servicio. Con el soporte generalizado de esos estándares en varias plataformas e infraestructuras de servicios Web, hay una buena interoperatibilidad (que mejora a lo largo del tiempo).

Source: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/WS-Security

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   ¿What is a digital signature?

 

A digital signature or digital signature scheme is a mathematical scheme for demonstrating the authenticity of a digital message or document. A valid digital signature gives a recipient reason to believe that the message was created by a known sender, and that it was not altered in transit. Digital signatures are commonly used forsoftware distribution, financial transactions, and in other cases where it is important to detect forgery or tampering.

Digital signatures are equivalent to traditional handwritten signatures in many respects; properly implemented digital signatures are more difficult to forge than the handwritten type. However, handwritten signatures are performed on paper. Each digital signature has the capability to store information that identifies the person whosigned, valid for authenticity certified by a superior being.

Digital signatures employ a type of asymmetric cryptography. For messages sent through a non-secure channel, a properly implemented digital signature gives thereceiver reason to believe the message was sent by the claimed sender. Digital signature schemes in the sense used here are cryptographically based, and must beimplemented properly to be effective. Digital signatures can also provide non-repudiation, meaning that the signer cannot successfully claim they did not sign a message, while also claiming their private key remains secret; further, some non-repudiation schemes offer a time stamp for the digital signature, so that even if the private key is exposed, the signature is valid nonetheless

As organizations move away from paper documents with ink signatures or authenticity stamps, digital signatures can provide added assurances of the evidence to provenance, identity, and status of an electronic document as well as acknowledging informed consent and approval by a signator

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signatu

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    ¿
What is an IP addres?


An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. An IP address serves two principal functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing. Its role has beencharacterized as follows: "A name indicates what we seek. An address indicates where it is. A route indicates how to get there."

The designers of the Internet Protocol defined an IP address as a 32-bit number and this system, known as Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4), is still in use today. However, due to the enormous growth of the Internet and the predicted depletion of available addresses, a new addressing system (IPv6), using 128 bits for the address, was developed in 1995,standardized as RFC 2460 in 1998,and is being deployed worldwide since the mid-2000s.

 

IP addresses are binary numbers, but they are usually stored in text files and displayed in human-readable notations, such as 172.16.254.1 (for Pv4), and 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1 (for IPv6).

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address


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    ¿What is the SOAP message?

 

SOAP, originally defined as Simple Object Access Protocol, is a protocol specification for exchanging structured information in the implementation of Web Services in computer networks. It relies on Extensible Markup Language (XML) for its message format, and usually relies on other Application Layer protocols, most notably Remote Procedure Call (RPC) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), for message negotiation and transmission. SOAP can form the foundation layer of a web services protocol stack, providing a basic messaging framework upon which web services can be built. This XML based protocol consists of three parts: an envelope, which defines what is in the message and how to process it, a set of encoding rules for expressing instances of application-defined data types, and a convention forrepresenting procedure calls and responses.

As an example of how SOAP procedures can be used, a SOAP message could be sent to a web-service-enabled web site such as a real-estate price database, with the parameters needed for a search. The site would then return an XML-formatted document with the resulting data, e.g., prices, location, features. With the data being returned in a standardized machine-parseable format, it can then be integrated directly into a third-party web site or application.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP



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    ¿What is a UsernameToken?

 

To use Web services securely it's important to confirm that the user who is granted to access them is really the one that is consuming them. This often requires the authentication through Web Service Security (WS-Security) in which parameters such as user and password are passed through the SOAP message header, this is called UsernameToken.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP



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    ¿What is Timestamp?

 

A timestamp is a sequence of characters, denoting the date and/or time at which a certain event occurred. A timestamp is the time at which an event is recorded by a computer, not the time of the event itself. In many cases, the difference may be inconsequential: the time at which an event is recorded by a timestamp (e.g., entered into a log file) should be very, very close to the time of the occurrence of the event recorded.

In some cases, a timestamp can be just the numbering of events, the use of a date_time format to store a timestamp is then not mandatory.

This data is usually presented in a consistent format, allowing for easy comparison of two different records and tracking progress over time; the practice of recording timestamps in a consistent manner along with the actual data is called timestamping.

Timestamps are typically used for logging events or in a sequence of events (SOE), in which case each event in the log or SOE is marked with a timestamp. In filesystems, timestamp may mean the stored date/time of creation or modification of a file

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timestamp



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   ¿What is a virtual appliance?

 

A virtual appliance is a virtual machine image designed to run on a virtualization platform.

Virtual appliances are a subset of the broader class of software appliances. Installation of a software appliance to a virtual machine creates a virtual appliance. Like software appliances, virtual appliances are aimed to eliminate the installation, configuration and maintenance costs associated with running complex stacks of software.

A virtual appliance is not a complete virtual machine platform, but rather a software image containing a software stack designed to run on a virtual machine platform which may be a Type 1 or Type 2 hypervisor. Like a physical computer, a hypervisor is merely a platform for running an operating system environment and does not provide application software itself.

Many virtual appliances provide a Web page user interface to permit their configuration. A virtual appliance is usually built to host a single application; it therefore represents a new way of deploying network applications.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_appliance


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